Organised by the Committee for Academic Freedom, the event was billed as “a rigorous [and] engaging exchange” on the pros and cons of lockdowns and an antidote to the UK Covid inquiry, which, having spent two years collecting evidence and interrogating 167 witnesses at a cost of nearly £200m, is now the most expensive in British history.

Even though the panel featured such prominent lockdown sceptics as Sunetra Gupta – Professor of Theoretical Epidemiology at Oxford University and a leading advocate of the “herd immunity” approach - I was confident that we would be able to agree on some basic facts and explore the evidence dispassionately, something that had proved nigh impossible during the pandemic.

Going into the debate my view was that lockdown had been a blunt instrument that had inflicted considerable damage on the economy and people’s mental health. But by the third week of March 2020 there had been no other way of slowing transmission of the coronavirus and relieving the strain on the NHS.

As Lady Hallett put it the following day: “The failure to appreciate the scale of the threat, or the urgency of response it demanded, meant that – by the time the possibility of a mandatory lockdown was first considered – it was already too late and a lockdown had become unavoidable.”

I made a similar point during the panel discussion, citing the findings of Imperial modellers that had Britain locked down on 16 March rather than 23 March, as many as 23,000 lives might have been saved. The message “stay home, protect the NHS, save lives” had come a week too late.

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But as rapidly became clear, this was not a conclusion that Gupta, who as a signatory of the Great Barrington Declaration had advocated shielding the elderly and most vulnerable while allowing the virus to spread to the rest of the population, was prepared to accept. Nor was it one that met with the approval of the Oxford audience.

During the Q&A that followed our discussion, speaker after speaker expressed fury with the damage that lockdowns and school closures had inflicted on young people’s mental health to cheers from the audience. Nor were Oxonians in a mood to hear that in March 2020, when Imperial’s Neil Ferguson came out with his infamous model predicting that as many as half a million Brits might die if we did not lockdown immediately, there had been no alternative.

In the spirit of fostering an open debate, CAF had extended an invitation to Ferguson but he declined to join the panel (his last public appearance was on 25 April 2020 when he was interviewed by UnHerd’s Freddy Sayer). I subsequently learned that such was the bad blood between Gupta and other prominent proponents of lockdown, such as Christina Pagel and Devi Sridhar, that they had been unwilling to share the same stage. Thus, it fell to yours truly to provide “balance” to the other speakers who, besides Gupta, included Toby Green, professor of African history at King’s College, London, and a prominent Left-wing critic of the lockdowns, and Hugh Montgomery, Chair of Intensive Care Medicine at University College London, who could speak directly to the experience of physicians on the Covid frontline.

It was an odd position to find myself in – I am a historian, not an epidemiologist – and at times it felt as if I was there to provide a target for point-scoring. Indeed, midway through our discussion Green quoted a passage from the first edition of my book, which was published six months before the emergence of Covid-19, in which I had pointed out that the World Health Organization had a poor record when it came to predicting pandemics and that in 2009 it had fostered widespread panic about a novel swine flu, only for the virus to turn out to be no more severe than a regular seasonal influenza.

It is always disconcerting to find oneself quoted out-of-context. The swine flu, as we now know, was a very different virus to SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes Covid-19. For one thing, in 2020 no one had immunity to the coronavirus, whereas the 2009 swine flu was a mutation of a pre-existing H1N1 influenza virus. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 had a much lower infection fatality rate than Covid – around 0.03 as opposed to 0.66 - and although the unexpected emergence of the swine flu in Mexico in the spring of 2009 had led to the outlay of billions of dollars on emergency vaccines, there was never a possibility that the National Health Service would be overwhelmed.

This was not the case in 2020. On the contrary, as early as late February and certainly by the second week in March, it was clear that a “wait-and-see” approach of allowing the virus to spread while mitigating its worst impacts risked disaster and that, in the absence of a vaccine, restrictive measures aimed at suppressing transmission would be necessary.

Note that I write “risked” disaster. In the spring of 2020, there was no way of knowing that the NHS would be overwhelmed and whether the Imperial model was accurate. Nor can we know for certain if the then Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s failure to heed the call for a brief “circuit breaker” in September 2020, only to order a second lockdown six weeks later, contributed to the 70,000 deaths during the second wave in the winter of 2020-2021.

In her report on Friday, Hallett described Johnson’s dithering as “inexcusable” and argued that had Johnson brought in a circuit breaker then the second lockdown “might conceivably have been avoided altogether” (italics inserted).

But as Carl Heneghan, the director of Oxford’s Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and a close associate of Gupta, pointed out on BBC Radio 4’s Today programme the day after the publication of Hallett’s report, words like “might” and “may” indicate that Hallet’s conclusion rested on Ferguson’s disputed model and were hypotheses, not evidence. “What we really needed to understand the causal chains of transmission … was to have a proper epidemiological investigation,” he complained.

I have some sympathy with Heneghan’s criticisms. His complaint was echoed this week by Unherd and other long-standing critics of the inquiry process such as the former Spectator editor Fraser Nelson. Writing in the Guardian, even Devi Sridhar, who broadly supported Hallett’s conclusions, wondered “what it adds to our understanding of what happened politically, and what lessons it offers for the future”.

However, Hallett’s brief was to “assess decision-making about non-pharmaceutical measures and the factors that contributed to their implementation”. It was never part of her terms of reference to examine the epidemiological modelling and the reliability of the projections made at the time. That would have been a very different inquiry, one that would have been better conducted by an organisation like the Royal Society.

It is also worth pointing out that during the inquiry Hallett took witness statements from both Heneghan and Gupta, where they set out their concerns about the assumptions underlying Ferguson’s model and why by March 2020 they thought sufficient immunity had accumulated in the population to obviate the need for a lockdown. Heneghan was also given ample opportunity to explain why, in September 2020, when he and Gupta met with Johnson and other experts to discuss a circuit breaker, he believed Covid was already “endemic” to the UK. However, during cross-examination last October by the inquiry’s deputy counsel Andrew O’Connor, Heneghan struggled to explain what he meant by endemic and why there had been a surge in deaths during the second wave – something that suggested we were still very much in the epidemic phase of the pandemic.

You can see Connor’s cross-examination of Heneghan here (the key exchanges are at 6.06.25). I leave it you to judge whether he was a convincing witness.

Underpinning these disputes was the claim made by Gupta in March 2020 that up to half the British population may have already been infected with Covid. If true, this would have meant that we were already on course to achieve herd immunity and that infections would soon peak, obviating the need for the spring lockdown (by contrast, the Imperial model assumed that by March less than three percent of the UK population had been infected and recovered, leaving 97 percent of the population susceptible to infection and hospitalisation).

In his book Spiked, Jeremy Farrar, the former director of the Wellcome Trust and a prominent member of SAGE, points out that even by September antibody data suggested that just six percent of the population had been infected. Describing the Great Barrington Declaration as “ideology masquerading as science”, Farrar writes that the only way Declaration proponents could explain the discrepancy between their theory and the antibody data was to posit that people were protected by “immunological dark matter”. But no evidence was presented to support this claim at the time and, to my knowledge, no evidence has emerged for it since.

I went into the panel discussion willing to be corrected. But when I cited the antibody data, Gupta insisted the government statistics were misleading because people who had been infected and who had cleared Covid infections prior to the commencement of testing in February 2020 would not necessarily have detectable antibodies six months later. This may well have been the case – absence of evidence is not evidence of absence - but it is no basis on which to make decisions affecting peoples’ chances of living or dying in a rapidly developing pandemic crisis. And that, as Hallett put it, was the “unenviable” position politicians found themselves in March 2020 when they were faced with the “agonising” decision whether or not to lock down.

But as I have argued elsewhere, in January 2020 we didn’t need epidemiologists to tell us that Covid-19 was a “once in a century pathogen” and that we were on a collision course with an asteroid. The images from China of deserted city centres and hospitals being constructed overnight should have told us that something unprecedented was coming our way. And when in February we saw those pictures from Lombardy of intensive care wards filling with elderly patients and military trucks loaded with corpses there could be little doubt.

But as Hallett pointed out, February had been a “lost month” for decision-makers. That the UK avoided similarly apocalyptic scenes to Italy was only thanks to the last-minute repurposing of NHS wards and the heroism of doctors and nurses working round the clock to relieve the pressure on intensive care units (ICUs).

As Kevin Fong, the national clinical advisor for NHS England’s Emergency Preparedness Resilience and Response, told Hallett when he testified at the inquiry last year, “the scale of death was truly astounding” and by June 2020, when the first wave ended, the system was “broken”.

At the panel discussion, Hugh Montgomery, who served on ICU wards throughout the pandemic and whose patients included the children’s author Michael Rosen, made a similar point. It wasn’t just elderly patients like Rosen who threatened to overwhelm ICUs but people in their 40s with comorbidities. Covid was a “systemic multi-organ infection” that proved “far worse” than anyone had anticipated, he said.

Writing in today’s Observer, the NHS palliative care specialist Rachel Clarke concurred.

“People died who could have been saved. These deaths are facts that cannot be denied.”

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Today, in the second part of our two-part special, Mark speaks to the parents of Susan Sullivan, a woman with Down's Syndrome who died of Covid-19 at Barnet General Hospital on March 28, 2020, after being deemed “not for resuscitation” and he reveals the findings of a confidential investigation by the Royal Free NHS Hospital Trust into her death. The report, which makes for shocking reading, found that Susan was not seen by a consultant until 20 hours after admission to Barnet’s Accident and Emergency department and that the fact that she had Down’s Syndrome and had been fitted with a pacemaker should not have excluded her from intensive care.

Mark also speaks to Kamran Mallick, the CEO of Disability Rights UK, about what the Sullivan case reveals about the pattern of discrimination experienced by people with learning disabilities across the NHS, and to Dominic Wilkinson, a medical ethicist, who explains the challenge to doctors of weighing the harms and benefits of invasive procedures to patients.

Presented by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With:

John and Ida Sullivan

 www.covidfamiliesforjustice.org / @CovidJusticeuk 

Kamran Mallick, CEO of Disability Rights UK.

www.disabilityrights.uk  / @KamranMallick

Professor Dominic Wilkinson

@NeonatalEthics

Professor of Medical Ethics and Director of Medical Ethics at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics. Dominic is also a Consultant Neonatologist at the John Radcliffe Hospital and a Senior Research Fellow at Jesus College. 

www.jesus.ox.ac.uk/about-jesus-college/our-community/people/professor-dominic-wilkinson/ 

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower  www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter: @GoingViral_pod    

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast 

Blog: markhonigsbaum.substack.com 

This episode of Going Viral has been produced with the support of a grant from the Higher Education Innovation Fund at City, University of London. It is part of the project, “Commemorating Covid, Remembering Pandemics”, www.rememberingpandemics.com

If you enjoy our podcast - please leave us a rating or review.  Thank you!

Today, Mark speaks to the parents of Susan Sullivan, a woman with Down's Syndrome who died of Covid-19 at Barnet General Hospital on March 28, 2020, after being deemed “not for resuscitation” and being denied access to intensive care. The Sullivans have long suspected that their daughter was the victim of medical bias and may have survived if the hospital had granted her statutory right to have a family member at her bedside. Determined to be Susan’s voice, John and Ida Sullivan launched their own investigation into Susan’s death and uncovered a catalogue of medical errors in the process. We also hear from Baroness Heather Hallet, the chair of the UK public inquiry, and from Fran Hall and other members of Covid-19 Bereaved Families for Justice UK.

Presented by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With:

Fran Hall @FranFD1

John and Ida Sullivan

 www.covidfamiliesforjustice.org / @CovidJusticeuk 

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower  www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter: @GoingViral_pod    

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast 

Blog: markhonigsbaum.substack.com 

This episode of Going Viral has been produced with the support of a grant from the Higher Education Innovation Fund at City, University of London. It is part of the project, “Commemorating Covid, Remembering Pandemics”,

www.rememberingpandemics.com

If you enjoy our podcast - please leave us a rating or review.  Thank you!

In a new two part special, Mark speaks to the parents of Susan Sullivan, a Down’s Syndrome woman who died of Covid-19 at Barnet General Hospital on March 28, 2020, after being deemed “not for resuscitation” and being denied access to intensive care. The Sullivans have long suspected that their daughter was the victim of medical bias and may have survived if the hospital had granted her statutory right to have a family member at her bedside. Determined to be Susan’s voice, John and Ida Sullivan launched their own investigation into Susan’s death and uncovered a catalogue of medical errors in the process.

Mark investigates....

...'That's Dancing Queen' and 'Who Do We Not Save' coming to Going Viral on Thursday 13th July.

Today Mark and his guests Ilina Singh, James Wilson and John Prideaux dissect the British Government’s approach during the Covid-19 pandemic and explore the failure to engage seriously with the ethical challenges the pandemic raised, comparing the British approach with those in the USA and China. And they debate how ethicists and ethical thinking could play a more central role in deciding how to respond to the next pandemic. With Catherine Joynson of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Produced in collaboration with the UK Pandemic Ethics Accelerator.

Presented by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With:

Catherine Joynson

Associate Director, Nuffield Council on Bioethics

www.nuffieldbioethics.org | @CathJoynson | @Nuffbioethics

John Prideaux

The political correspondent at the Economist.

www.mediadirectory.economist.com/people/john-prideaux/  |   https://www.economist.com/  | @JohnPrideaux | @TheEconomist

Ilina Singh

Professor of Neuroscience & Society at the University of Oxford and co-director at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Ethics and the Humanities. Principal Investigator on The UK Pandemic Ethics Accelerator, a collaborative project that brought UK ethics research expertise to bear on the multiple, ongoing ethical challenges present by Covid-19.

https://www.psych.ox.ac.uk/team/ilina-singh  | @OxPsychiatry

James Wilson

Professor of Philosophy and Co-Director of the Health Humanities Centre at UCL and co-investigator on the UK Pandemic Ethics Accelerator.

www.ucl.ac.uk/philosophy/people/permanent-academic-staff/james-wilson  |  @jamesgswilson | @ucl

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Co-producer: Kate Jopling @katejopling

Cover art by Patrick Blower  www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter: @GoingViral_pod    

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast 

Blog: markhonigsbaum.substack.com 

This episode of Going Viral on trust in the pandemic, has been produced in collaboration with the UK Pandemic Ethics Accelerator. The Ethics Accelerator was funded by the UKRI Covid-19 research and innovation fund. 

https://ukpandemicethics.org/   |   @PandemicEthics_

Transcript available here:

Going-Viral-What-Would-an-Ethical-Pandemic-Look-Like-Transcript.pdf 

If you enjoy our podcast - please leave us a rating or review.  Thank you!

Presented by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With:

Anjana Ahuja 

Contributing writer on science for the Financial Times and co-author of the bestselling ‘Spike: The Virus Vs The People’ - the inside story of the Covid-19 pandemic with Sir Jeremy Farrar.

https://www.ft.com/anjana-ahuja  /  @anjahuja

Ceinwen Giles

Co-CEO of Shine Cancer Support, member of the General Advisory Council of The King's Fund and Chair of the Patient and Public Voices Forum for the NHS England Cancer Programme.

www.shinecancersupport.org / @ceineken

Professor Martin McKee

Professor of European Public Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Martin is Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and he’s published many scientific papers and books on health and health policy, with a particular focus on countries undergoing political and social transition.

www.lshtm.ac.uk/aboutus/people/mckee.martin / @martinmckee

Matt Fowler

Co-Founder of Covid-19 Bereaved Families for Justice.

www.jrct.org.uk/covid-19-bereaved-families  / @CovidJusticeUK

Professor Dominic Wilkinson

Professor of Medical Ethics and Director of Medical Ethics at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics. Dominic is also a Consultant Neonatologist at the John Radcliffe Hospital and a Senior Research Fellow at Jesus College. He is one the editors of a forthcoming book with Oxford University Press on pandemic ethics.

www.jesus.ox.ac.uk/about-jesus-college/our-community/people/professor-dominic-wilkinson/ / @NeonatalEthics

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Co-producer: Kate Jopling  @katejopling

Cover art by Patrick Blower. www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter: @GoingViral_pod    

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast 

Blog: markhonigsbaum.substack.com 

This episode of Going Viral on trust in the pandemic, has been produced in collaboration with the UK Pandemic Ethics Accelerator. The Ethics Accelerator was funded by the UKRI Covid-19 research and innovation fund. 

https://ukpandemicethics.org/   /  @PandemicEthics_

Transcript available here:

Going-Viral-How-Many-Deaths-Are-Too-Many-Transcript.pdf

Today Prof Sir Michael Marmot speaks to Mark about Covid-19 and health inequalities as well as his decades-long research into this field.  This interview is featured in our companion episode: ‘All In It Together: Were Unequal Outcomes Inevitable during Covid-19?’

Presented by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With:

Professor Sir Michael Marmot

Professor of Epidemiology at University College London, Director of the UCL Institute of Health Equity, and Past President of the World Medical Association.

https://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/  @MichaelMarmot

@marmotihe

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Co-producer: Kate Jopling  @katejopling

Cover art by Patrick Blower. www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter: @GoingViral_pod    

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast 

Blog: markhonigsbaum.substack.com 

This episode of Going Viral on trust in the pandemic, has been produced in collaboration with the UK Pandemic Ethics Accelerator. A partnership between the Universities of Oxford, Bristol and Edinburgh, University College London, and the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (the Principal Investigator was Professor Ilina Singh, University of Oxford). The Ethics Accelerator was funded by the UKRI Covid-19 research and innovation fund. 

https://ukpandemicethics.org/   /  @PandemicEthics_

Transcript available here:

Going-Viral-Bonus-Interview-with-Professor-Sir-Michael-Marmot-Transcript.pdf

If you enjoy our podcast - please leave us a rating or review.  Thank you!

Presented by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With:

Dr. Charlotte Augst

Former Chief Executive of National Voices, a coalition of charities working on health issues and which was extremely active highlighting issues of inequality during the pandemic.

www.nationalvoices.org.uk  / @CharlotteAugst

Dr. Halima Begum

Chief Executive of the Runnymede Trust, the UK’s leading race equality think tank.

https://www.runnymedetrust.org  / @Halima_Begum

Pastor Mick Fleming

Founder of Church on the Street Ministries, Burnley.

@PastorFleming

Dr. Beth Kamunge-Kpodo

Beth is a Lecturer in Law at the University of Reading. She has a longstanding interest in exploring and addressing various forms of inequality.

www.reading.ac.uk/law/our-staff/beth-kamunge-kpodo

Professor Sir Michael Marmot

Professor of Epidemiology at University College London, Director of the UCL Institute of Health Equity, and Past President of the World Medical Association. Professor Marmot has led research groups on health inequalities for over 50 years.

@MichaelMarmot

https://www.instituteofhealthequity.org

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Co-producer: Kate Jopling  @katejopling

Cover art by Patrick Blower. www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter: @GoingViral_pod    

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast 

This episode of Going Viral on trust in the pandemic, has been produced in collaboration with the UK Pandemic Ethics Accelerator.

It is a partnership between the Universities of Oxford, Bristol and Edinburgh, University College London, and the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (the Principal Investigator was Professor Ilina Singh, University of Oxford). The Ethics Accelerator was funded by the UKRI Covid-19 research and innovation fund. 

https://ukpandemicethics.org/

@PandemicEthics_

Transcript available here:

Going-Viral-Were-Unequal-Outcomes-Inevitable-during-Covid-19-Transcript.pdf

If you enjoy our podcast - please leave us a rating or review.  Thank you!

Presented by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With:

Anjana Ahuja

Anjana Ahuja is a contributing writer on science for the Financial Times, offering weekly opinion on significant developments in global science, health and technology.  Last year she co-authored the bestselling ‘Spike: The Virus Vs The People’ - the inside story of the Covid-19 pandemic with Sir Jeremy Farrar. Spike was shortlisted for the 2022 Orwell Prize for Political Writing and the 2022 Royal Society Science Book Prize.

https://www.ft.com/anjana-ahuja  /  @anjahuja

Professor Sarah Cunningham-Burley

Sarah is Professor of Medical and Family Sociology and Dean of Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences at the University of Edinburgh. Sarah led on work around engaging the public as part of the UK Pandemic Ethics Accelerator which finished its work in August 2022. She brought together members of the public to consider ethical issues arising during the Covid-19 pandemic.

https://www.ed.ac.uk/profile/sarah-cunningham-burley / @Sarah_C_Burley 

Rev Charles Kwaku-Odoi

Charles is Chief Officer of the Caribbean and African Health Network (CAHN) and a Deputy Lieutenant (DL) of the county of Greater Manchester. Charles works to bring equity and fairness across a range of important health and wellbeing issues for people of the Caribbean and African Diaspora. He sits on a wide range of local and national governance boards including Macc (Manchester Community Central), Faith Network for Manchester, SAGE Ethnicity Subgroup, Greater Manchester Voluntary Community & Social Enterprise (VCSE) Leadership Group, Coalition of Race Equality (CORE) Organisations.

www.cahn.org.uk  /  @charleskod

Professor Christina Pagel

Christina Pagel is a Mathematician and Professor of operational research at University College London within UCL's Clinical Operational Research Unit, which applies operational research, data analysis and mathematical modelling to topics in healthcare.

https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=ACPAG88 / @chrischirp

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Co-producer: Kate Jopling  @katejopling

Cover art by Patrick Blower. www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter: @GoingViral_pod    

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast 

This episode of Going Viral on trust during the pandemic, has been produced in collaboration with the UK Pandemic Ethics Accelerator, which was funded by the UKRI Covid-19 research and innovation fund.

https://ukpandemicethics.org/

@PandemicEthics_

Transcript available here:

Going-Viral-Who-Do-We-Trust-in-a-Pandemic-Transcript-1.pdf 

If you enjoy our podcast - please leave us a rating or review.  Thank you!

Hosted by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With:

Natasha McEnroe, Keep of Medicine at Science Museum London

@natashamcenroe

https://www.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/project/collecting-covid-19/

Roxanna Halls on her painting of Katie Tomkins, Mortuary and Post-Mortem Services Manager at West Herts Hospitals NHS Trust, created as part of the Portraits for NHS Heroes project in response to the pandemic

https://www.instagram.com/roxanahallsartist/?hl=en

@RoxanaHalls

https://www.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/blog/artwork-roxana-halls/

Will Haynes, from the University of Sheffield’s geography department, on the project, “collecting the loneliness of students in the pandemic”

@willr_haynes

https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/geography/news/geography-students-publish-research-article

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter @GoingViral_pod

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast 

If you enjoy our podcast - please leave us a rating or review.  Thank you!

Recorded at the Department of Journalism at City, University of London on March 10th, Dr. Rachel Clarke’s remarks came at a workshop convened with the Science Museum on “Connecting in the time of Covid”.  We will be sharing further outtakes from the workshop in forthcoming episodes.

Hosted by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With

Dr. Rachel Clarke @doctor_oxford

https://www.doctoroxford.com/

@cityjournalism 

“Connecting in the time of Covid”: https://tinyurl.com/2p9ez37h

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter @GoingViral_pod     

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast

If you enjoy our podcast – please leave us a rating or review. Thank you!

Hosted by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With

Hannah Mawdsley @HannahMawdsley

Jo Goodman

Matt Fowler

Nathan Oswin

@CovidJusticeUK / @CovidMemorialUK

For more information about the National Covid Memorial Wall, visit:

www.covidfamiliesforjustice.org

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter @GoingViral_pod     

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast

If you enjoy our podcast – please leave us a rating or review. Thank you!

Hosted by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With

Sarah Boseley, The Health Editor of The Guardian @sarahboseley

www.theguardian.com/profile/sarahboseley

Victoria Macdonald, Health and Social Care Editor, Channel 4 News @vsmacdonald

www.channel4.com/news/by/victoria-macdonald

Shaun Lintern, Health Correspondent, Independent @ShaunLintern

www.independent.co.uk/author/shaun-lintern

This episode is supported by the Department of Journalism, City, University of London

www.city.ac.uk/about/schools/arts-social-sciences/journalism

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter @GoingViral_Pod   

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast

Hosted by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With

Owen Gower, General Manager, Dr. Jenner’s House, Museum and Garden, The home of vaccination. @owentg

jennermuseum.com / @DrJennersHouse

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter @GoingViral_pod     

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast

If you enjoy our podcast please leave us a rating or review - thank you! 

Hosted by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With

Dr. Stanley Plotkin, Professor Emeritus at the Wistar Institute and University of Pennsylvania, and consultant to the vaccine industry.

vaccinestoday.eu/stories/author/splotkin/

Meredith Wadman @meredithwadman, Reporter @ScienceMagazine, Author of "The Vaccine Race: Science, Politics and the Human Costs of Defeating Disease”.

meredithwadman.com  

sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/physician-whose-1964-vaccine-beat-back-rubella-working-defeat-new-coronavirus

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter @GoingViral_pod     

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast

If you are enjoying our series do leave us a rating or review! Thank you

Hosted by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With

Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., NIAID Director

www.niaid.nih.gov/about/director

Professor Sarah Gilbert, Saïd Professorship of Vaccinology, Jenner Institute & Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine

www.jenner.ac.uk/team/sarah-gilbert

Rob Swanda

@ScientistSwanda / Youtube: www.youtube.com/channel/UClU56Y1m8J9w82itIEXEHFQ?view_as=subscriber

Professor Wendy Barclay, Action Medical Research Chair Virology, Imperial College London.

www.imperial.ac.uk/people/w.barclay

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter @GoingViral_pod     

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast

If you enjoy these podcasts, please leave us a rating or review.  Thank you.

Hosted by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With

Professor Adrian Hill, Lakshmi Mittal and Family Professorship of Vaccinology; Director of the Jenner Institute; Co-Director, Oxford Martin Programme on Vaccines; Fellow of Magdalen College.

www.ox.ac.uk/news-and-events/find-an-expert/professor-adrian-hill

Peter Openshaw Professor of Experimental Medicine at Imperial College at Imperial College, London.

www.imperial.ac.uk/people/p.openshaw / @p_openshaw

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter @GoingViral_pod     

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast

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Hosted by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With

@PeterDaszak the President of EcoHealth Alliance, a nonprofit dedicated to understanding the connections between human, animal, and environmental health.

Facebook @EcoHealthNYC

Twitter @EcoHealthNYC

Instagram @ecohealth_alliance

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter @GoingViral_pod     

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast

Presented by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With

Wendy Moore, author of The Knife Man; Wedlock; How to Create the Perfect Wife; and The Mesmerist. Her new book is ENDELL STREET: The Trailblazing Women who ran World War One’s Most Remarkable Military Hospital (Atlantic, UK). Published in the US (Basic Books) as NO MAN’S LAND: The Trailblazing Women who ran Britain’s most extraordinary Military Hospital during World War 1.

You can hear ENDELL STREET adapted for BBC Radio 4 here:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000jmpp

Twitter @wendymoore99

www.wendymoore.org 

Hannah Mawdsley, Twitter: @HannahMawdsley

Series Producer Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter @GoingViral_pod     

Follow us on Instagram goingviral_thepodcast 

Presented by Mark Honigsbaum @honigsbaum

With

@PeterDaszak the President of EcoHealth Alliance, a nonprofit dedicated to understanding the connections between human, animal, and environmental health. EcoHealth Alliance works in 30 countries around the world to identify and study the threat of emerging zoonotic disease. EcoHealth Alliance has been instrumental in understanding the origins and spread of diseases like SARS, MERS, Nipah virus, and Ebola, among others. EcoHealth Alliance also published the first ever global emerging disease hotspots map, identifying regions where the threat is highest. Dr. Daszak helped to launch the Global Virome Project, an ambitious vision to identify all of the world's unknown viruses. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and Chair of its Forum on Microbial Threats.

Facebook @EcoHealthNYC

Twitter @EcoHealthNYC

Instagram @ecohealth_alliance

Series Producer: Melissa FitzGerald @Melissafitzg

Cover art by Patrick Blower www.blowercartoons.com

Follow us on Twitter @GoingViral_pod     

Follow us on Instagram: goingviral_thepodcast